Sizing Domestic Water Heater Systems

Sizing a domestic water heater system constitutes an art form more than an exact science. For anything other than a small residential system, you cannot simply go to a table or chart and make your selection. Codes provide only generalizations such as “Hot and cold water shall be supplied to all sinks, lavatories, showers, etc.” They do not indicate how much hot water is required. Codes do, however, give information about pipe materials and minimum and maximum flow rates to fixtures (combined cold and hot water), and they address safety concerns such as maximum temperatures and required safety devices.

A number of factors must be considered when sizing a system, and experience plays a big part. Every system is different, so the path that leads to final selection is also different. Two buildings can be physically the same (i.e., have the same number of fixtures), but the quantity of water required may be different if the buildings will be occupied by different groups of people. For instance, an apartment building for older people would have a different use profile than one that primarily houses families.

Information Gathering

So how do you size and select a domestic hot water system? The first step is to collect the information needed to define the system parameters and narrow the options. Some of the information will be readily available, but some may require a little digging. The following is a fairly long list of questions, but not all of them apply to every situation.

• Where is the building located?

• What code or codes should be followed?

• Do any local amendments apply?

• Does the building’s owner or operator have any unusual requirements?

• Are there any other hot water systems in the building?

• What is the area used for?

• How many plumbing fixtures will there be?

• What kind of fixtures will there be?

• Who will be using them?

• Are there any high-usage fixtures, such as hot tubs or laundry machines?

• Are there plans to expand the facility in the future?

• Will there be a laundry or health club area?

• If so, how many areas will be used simultaneously?

• How much space is available for the system?

• What energy sources are available? (Natural gas? Propane? Steam? Hot water? Fuel oil? Heat reclamation?)

• Which energy source is most economical for the location?

• Where in the building will the equipment be placed?

• Will flues or combustion air be a problem, due to the location?

• What is the cold water source?

• What is the water hardness?

• Will the system be inactive for long periods of time?

Top 3 Schools for Your Child That Are Located in Noida

Choosing a good school in Noida for your child can prove to one of the toughest jobs in the world. Since every child has a different level of learning, some may not need one-on-one teaching levels, whereas, for others, it might be just what they are looking for.

In addition to this, there are different boards to choose from, including CBSE, ICSE, and State Board. All of these differ from each other in specific ways; each of them has its downsides as well as plus points. While the state board focuses on mere textbook content, CBSE puts the limelight on securing top grades. Though there are differences, students can benefit from either of the two and excel to the best of their abilities. As they say, the sky is the limit!

Here are some of the best schools in greater Noida expressway for you to evaluate and research.

Shri Ram Global School, Greater Noida

It is located in Greater West Noida and allows admission from the Kindergarten level to 12th grade. The school has a large expanse with its campus stretching up to four acres. The staff, including teaching and non-teaching, are quite familiar and experienced in their work, meaning that the students do not have to compromise on their studies. There are separate courts for football, cricket, tennis, badminton, and baseball, all located within the school grounds. In addition to this, a junior gym, swimming pools, STEM labs and studios for performing arts are available. The classrooms are also equipped with Wi-Fi facilities and CCTV security systems, providing the students with the utmost security. Moreover, the class size is kept to a minimum of 24 since that will enable teachers to focus on the students at an individual level. This will help the children concentrate more and feel more familiarized with the teacher(s) productively.

Ascent International School, Greater Noida

It is also known by the name AIS Greater Noida. It has had this name since the year 2003. It is affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, that is, CBSE. The facilities provided here are inclusive of a gymnasium, swimming pool, auditorium, library, math, science and computer labs, plus sports grounds for exercise for children. As far as teaching is concerned, the classrooms are equipped with the latest teaching methodologies. The school allows for admission from the nursery level to 12th grade.

Delhi Public School, Greater Noida

If you are looking for schools in greater Noida west that inhabit co-education while at the same time fulfilling all the requirements of a great school, then DPS is the school for you. Delhi Public School is also known as DPS Greater Noida. The school has not once compromised on the quality of education since its establishment in the year 1996. Here too, students can study from the nursery level up to 12th grade. The students from this school have been known to excel in various fields, whether it be along the lines of various sports or education. Like the other top private schools in greater Noida west mentioned here, DPS has facilities for sports, library, auditorium, gymnasium, and much more.

Which Bills Should You Pay First?

Managing your bills can be very stressful. Some studies have shown that carrying some debt may be bad for your emotional well-being, so it is important to try and take the problem on as soon as possible. In order to relieve the stress, you need to think about the debts that you have. What debts go to necessities? How will your interest rates be affected by the payments you make? Can you consolidate?

Deciding Between Urgent and Non-Urgent Debt

Here is one way to tell the difference between urgent and non-urgent debt:

-Basic housing needs like mortgage or electricity

-Car

-Taxes

-Student Loans

-Unsecured loans

-Loans where household goods are used as collateral

Once you have figured out which bills should be given the most priority, you can decide how much of your funds to put towards each one. Any money you have left after making your minimum payments can be used to get the balances owed lower.

Deciding Between Interest Rates and Balances

It’s always a wise idea to pay off the balances with the highest amount of interest first. If you don’t follow this rule, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in interest. Some people try other strategies such as:

-Boosting morale by paying off lower balances first.

-Lowering your highest balances first. This could lower your minimum payments, making debts more manageable.

-Decide based on other factors, such as which will help you pay off debt the fastest.

How to Consolidate Your Debt

Those with multiple debts may want to consider consolidation so that they only need to make a single payment each month. There are several ways to achieve this, such as:

-Home Equity Loans – Your house is used as collateral, which causes rates to be lower and gives you more spending power. The interest paid can also become tax deductible. The only downside is that your home could be on the line if you skip a payment.

-Credit Cards – If you have several different credit cards, transferring all of the balances to a single bill may help you. This helps to make it one payment and could give you a lower rate; however, you need good credit in order to get this option.

-Retirement Fund – You may be able to borrow from your 401(k) or other funds at a low interest rate; however, you are expected to pay the money back in a short time. Otherwise, you may be taxed. The money you borrow also isn’t earning a return, which can result in a loss of future income when you retire.

-Personal Loans – These loans can be a quick way to consolidate your debt until you find a better interest rate; however, the rate will be based on your existing credit.

Consolidation can be difficult as you need to borrow money in order to pay off the debt, which may mean reassessing your budget.

The World’s Most Impenetrable Banks

Despite whatever Hollywood has led you to believe, breaking into banks is incredibly difficult. Some vaults are so secure that it is impossible for a heist to take place. Read on to learn about some of the world’s most impenetrable banks, as well as those belonging to some private companies, to see what extreme measures are taken to ensure that the deposits and valuables of clients are kept completely safe.

Fort Knox

The United States Bullion Depository boasts a solid granite wall perimeter and squadrons of machine gun wielding guards and armed military. If by some chance a thief got past those safeguards, they will then have to contend with the 22-ton vault door guarding the loot. To go even further, the door is equipped with a lock so intricate that it takes a 10-person team to unlock it. This may be why no robbery attempt on Fort Knox has ever been reported.

The Bank of England Gold Vault

This vault houses over 4,600 tons of gold, and it is second in size only to the Federal Reserve in New York. The walls are bombproof, so sturdy that employees actually used them for protection during air raids in World War II. When the doors actually do need to be opened, it is quite a process. An elaborate security system has been put in place that requires a combination of three-foot keys, voice recognition, and other security measures too detailed to publish.

The Iranian Gold Reserve

Part of the reasons that the vault holding Iran’s gold is so impenetrable is because nobody can actually say for sure where it’s located. Many suspect that the likely location is either in the Imperial Treasury or the Iran Central Bank, but there is truly no way to know. With virtually no information about this reserve being circulated, criminals would have a very difficult time planning a heist.

The Dominion Bank Vault

This bank is located in the Dominion Bank Building in Toronto, Canada and was once considered the most impenetrable bank in the world. It was constructed on bedrock and is wrapped by surveillance passages, making a break-in virtually impossible. There is also a 40-ton door standing in the way of the goods.

The Hard Rock Vault

Some banks protect things even more valuable than money or gold. Opened in 2001, the Hard Rock Vault is home to hundreds of priceless musical items and memorabilia. It’s located below the Hard Rock Café London, in what used to be Coutts Bank. This space holds Jimmy Hendrix’s Flying V, John Lennon’s handwritten “Instant Karma” lyrics, and more. If you’re wondering exactly how safe this underground fortress is, keep in mind that it once held the Queen’s treasury.

Older posts »